论《史记·刘敬叔孙通列传》的真实旨意——兼论司马迁对儒家思想的继承和发展

On the Real Decree of Liu Jing Shu Sun Tong Biography

《史记·太史公自序》云:"徙强族,都关中,和约匈奴;明朝廷礼,次宗庙仪法。作《刘敬叔孙通列传第三十九》。"《史记·刘敬叔孙通列传》赞语也云:"然而刘敬脱挽辂一说,建万世之安,智岂可专邪!叔孙通希世度务制礼,进退与时变化,卒为汉家儒宗。‘大直若诎,道固委蛇’,盖谓是乎?"基于此,后人认为司马迁作《刘敬叔孙通列传》的主旨是表彰刘敬和叔孙通的功绩。但综合考察司马迁的政治观、价值观、个人遭遇和笔法,司马迁是运用"曲笔",寓贬于褒,通过刘敬与叔孙通二人的对比来深刻揭露汉代儒者见风使舵、曲意逢迎的丑恶嘴脸,由此表达对汉武帝"独尊儒术"的不满。

Records of the Historian,Tai Shi Gong preface says： ＂the strong family migration,all peace in Guanzhong,Hun; Ming Thinley,time Temple meter method. As Liu Jing Shu Sun Tong thirty- ninth Biographies. Records of the Historian Liu Jing Shu Sun Tong Biography also says： however Liu Jingtuo Wan Lu said,build eternal security,intelligence shall specifically evil! Shu sun Tong Shi Wu Li degree system,advance and retreat change,died as the Han confucian. Dazhiruoqu,solid flexible road,cover that is？＂ Based on this,remembered that Sima Qian Biography of Shu Suntong the purport of Liu Jing is honoring Liu Jinghe Shu Suntong’s merit. But the comprehensive study of Sima Qian’s political outlook,values,personal experiences and writing style,Sima Qian is the use of ＂distortion＂,damns with faint praise,through the comparison of Liu Jing and Shu sun Tong two people to deeply disclose Confucian in the Han Dynasty,effusive sail with the wind the ugly face,the expression of Hanwu emperor ＂Confucianism＂discontent.