宁波市城郊散户种植叶菜类蔬菜农药残留情况调查

Investigation of Pesticide Residues in Leaf Vegetables Farmed by Small Peasants in Ningbo City

于2011~2013年跟踪宁波市在售的城郊地产散户叶菜类蔬菜质量安全状况,检测了31项农药残留,比较了各季度农残检出结果,发现第三季度农残超标率和检出率都居4个季度之首。农药分类比较表明,杀虫剂检出率和超标概率高于杀菌剂,杀虫剂在前3季度的检出项数和超标项数呈递增趋势,到第三季度达到高峰,第四季度大幅下降;杀菌剂在第一和第三季度较高。敌敌畏、甲胺磷、氧乐果、甲基对硫磷、毒死蜱、三唑磷、久效磷、多菌灵、吡虫啉这9种农药残留较易超标,需要重点关注,其中尤以毒死蜱、三唑磷风险较大,应加速相应替代农药的推广。另外分析了气候和病虫害发生情况对蔬菜农药残留的影响。

The quality safety（ including 31 pesticide residues） of the leaf vegetables farmed by the small peasants in Ningbo were investigated from 2011 to 2013. Different pesticide residues of different quarters were compared. The results showed that the third quarter’s over-standard rate and detection rate of pesticide residues was the highest among four quarters. The over-standard rate and detection rate of insecticide were higher than fungicide. The over-standard rate and detection rate of insecticide were increased gradually in the first three quarters and reached the highest level in the third quarter,then felled sharply in the fourth quarter. The fungicide residues were relatively higher in the first and third quarter. Nine kinds of pesticides residues,including dichlorvos, methamidophos, omethoate, methyl parathion, chlorpyrifos, triazophos, monocrotophos, carbendazim and imidacloprid,were easily exceed,and should be focused,especially chlorpyrifos and triazophos. Substitutions should be broadly used to replace these pesticides. Besides,meteorological conditions and development of disease and insect pests that affected pesticide residues of leaf vegetables were analyzed.