内蒙古地区雷电活动及雷灾特征分析

Analysis of Characters of Lightning Activity and Lightning Disaster in Inner Mongolia

基于内蒙古气象部门2013-2014年23站雷电定位资料和雷灾统计资料,运用ArcGIS软件和数理统计等方法对内蒙古高原地区地闪频次、强度时空分布特征及雷电灾害特征进行了分析。结果表明,内蒙古高原地区正地闪占总地闪的10%左右,正闪比例高于南方省市;该地区50%以上的地闪强度集中在15~35 k A范围,正地闪的电流强度为负地闪的2倍左右;每年3、4月份的地闪平均电流强度最大,1 d当中上午电流强度要大于午后的强度值;地闪的空间分布主要集中在内蒙古高原中、东部地区,地闪的最大密度和电流强度值分别在20次/km^2和10 k A/km^2左右;从雷灾分析来看,雷电灾害主要发生在6-8月份,电子电器设备发生雷电灾害次数最多,居民家庭雷电防护措施仍需完善;雷击人员伤亡则主要发生在农村牧区的户外环境,农牧民的防雷意识有待进一步提高。

Based on the cloud to ground（ CG） lightning data collected by location lightning detection net-work and lightning disaster data in Inner Mongolia for 2013-2014,by using the software of Arc GIS and the method of Mathematical statistics,we make a study on the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of lightning frequency,intensity and lightning disaster in Inner Mongolia plateau. It shows that the positive CG flashes is about 10% of the total CG flashes,the positive CG flashes ratio is higher than the south provinces. More than 50% of the flash intensity focused on the range of 15 to 35 k A in Inner Mongolia,the average intensity of positive CG flashes is two times that of the negative. The average current intensity is the biggest in March and April every year; the morning lightning current intensity is greater than the strength of the afternoon in a day. The spatial distribution of the CG flashes mainly concentrated in the middle and eastern regions of Inner Mongolia,the maximum density of the CG flashes is about 20 times per square kilometer,and the average intensity value of the lightning is about 10 k A per square kilometer. The lightning disasters occurred mainly between June and August,and the electronic equipments damage cases were the biggest,household lightning protection measures still need to improve,While the casualties occurred mainly in the outdoor environment of the rural areas,the farmers and herdsmen lightning protection consciousness need to be further improved.