固守或摒弃:对信托行为“要物性”的逻辑反思——以理论的历史演进为视角

Stick to or Abandon: Logical Reflection of the Real Act of Trust——In the Perspective of the Historical Evolution of the Theory

信托行为是将起源于英美的信托嵌入大陆法系民法框架的基础性制度,但学界对这种特殊法律行为的性质未有足够关注。传统理论认为,信托行为伴随所有权转移行为。从理论历史演进的视觉分析,信托行为的"要物性"有其特定的历史成因。但从逻辑层面审视,"要物"并非信托行为的性格,其亦不足以从价值层面正当化。故应摒弃信托行为的"要物",确认信托行为"债权行为"的单一结构,并以此为逻辑出发点进行规范思考。

Trust behavior is fundamental institution that can embed the trust which originated from common law system into the framework system of civil law, but there is not enough attention paid to the characteristics of this special civil juristic act. According to the traditional theories, trust behavior is real act. This has its specific historical origin in the perspective of the historical evolution of the theory. However, in the logic level, real act is not the nature of trust behavior and it is not enough to justify from the value level. Therefore, the nature of trust behavior is act of debt instead of real act. Rules for design should take this as a logical starting point.