城市野生草本植物种类构成的特征——以宁波市为例

Characteristics of Species Composition for Urban Spontaneous Herbs,with Ningbo,China as A Case Study

城市野生草本植物物种丰富,在全球城市化的背景下,对城市生物多样性、生态系统健康与环境质量具有重要作用。为剖析城市野生草本植物的种类结构特征,通过分层随机抽样法调查宁波市野生草本植物及立地条件,分析多样性、来源、区系等植物种类结构特征,并通过方差分析、独立样本t检验、LSD多重比较等方法计算不同立地条件下样方植物多样性的差异显著性。结果显示:(1)宁波市野生草本植物物种丰富,60个样方中共记录到野生草本植物48科101属127种;(2)植物地理区系分布广泛,涉及12个地理区类型和4个地理区系变型,其中泛热带分布属的比例最高,占总属数的30.8%;(3)乡土植物占调查植物的大多数,占总种数的89.9%、总盖度的83.3%、总株数的83.3%;(4)多年生与一年生草本是主要的生活类型,占总种数的73.4%;(5)优势种具有明显的优势性,种的频度分布曲线显示,高频植物种仅占少数,频度1.0%以内的低频植物种类则占到81.1%;(6)立地条件因子的分析结果,仅Pilou均匀度指数和Patrick丰富度指数在不同土地利用类型间具有显著差异性。文章系统剖析了宁波市城市野生草本植物的种类结构特征,揭示了土地利用类型等因素的潜在影响作用,可为城市规划及设计过程中保护野生草本植物以提高城市植物多样性、保护城市生态系统提供参考。

Under global urbanization, the abundant urban spontaneous herbs play an important role in urban biodiversity, ecosystem services and environmental well-being. In this paper, aim to investigate into the species composition features of urban spontaneous herbs, data of spontaneous herbs and site conditions were collected by Stratified Random Survey in the urban area of Ningbo city in China. The species composition characteristics, including biodiversity, origin of species, chorological spectra, etc., were analyzed. For plots with different site conditions, significance of difference for species diversity was calculated by a combination of One-Way ANOVA analyses, Independent Samples T Test, and LSD Multiple Comparisons, etc. As a result: (1) Ningbo city has a high species richness in terms of urban spontaneous herbs, a total of 129 plant species belonging to 101 genera and 48 families were identified from 60 plots; (2) the chorological spectra of plants is wide, covering 12 chorological types and 4 subtypes. The Pantropic spectra occupied the highest proportion of all genera (30.8%); (3) native species dominate the investigated species, accounting for 89.9% of total species richness, 83.3% of total cover, and 83.3% of total plant individuals; (4) perennial and annual herbs were the main life forms, with 73.4% of total species; (5) According to the species frequency curve, only a few dominant species occur most frequently, while 81.1% species have frequency below 1%; (6) as a result of analyses on site conditions, significant difference only appeared on the Pilou evenness and Patrick richness among different land use types. This paper explored the species composition characteristics of urban spontaneous herbs and revealed the potential influences by human factors like land use type. Suggestions proposed in this paper would provide references for the protection of urban plant diversity and urban ecosystem during the planning and designing of cities.