煤矸石粒径结构对充填复垦重构土壤理化性质及农作物生理生态性质的影响

Study on the Physical-chemical Properties of Reconstructed Soil in Filling Area Affected by the Substrate Made of Coal Gangue with Different Particle Size Distribution and the Crop Effect

为了研究自然煤矸石充填复垦地和不同覆土厚度条件下不同颗粒级配煤矸石充填复垦地重构土壤理化性质及在其之上生长的玉米（Zea mays L.）的生理生态特性,以淮南创大“煤矸石充填复垦示范基地”为研究区域,通过分区分层采集实验区范围内土壤样品,检测并分析其主要营养元素及重金属含量,监测实验区内玉米各生理生态指标变化情况及其植株各部分的重金属含量,探究以不同颗粒级配煤矸石作为填充基质对其充填区域农作物的影响.实验结果表明：经过分选后的煤矸石作为填充基质比自然状态下的煤矸石填充基质具有较好的保水保肥性和透气性,尤其以70%-100%粒径为〈80 cm 的煤矸石作为填充基质的重构土壤培育的玉米,其各项生理生态指标均表现良好,说明该复垦方案更有利于玉米的生长.但两种以煤矸石作为主要填充基质的复垦方案都面临土壤中部分重金属含量超标和向植物体迁移的问题.如何降低重构土壤中重金属含量,减少土壤中重金属向植物体内的迁移将成为今后研究的重点.

For studying the reconstruction soil and the eco-physiological characteristics on two kinds of filling reclamation that one is filling reclamation land with natural coal gangue and covered soil in different depths and the other one is filling reclamation land with the coal gangue in different particle size distribution and the top-soil of most suitable depth, this article treated the “Coal Gangue Filling Reclamation Demonstration Base” as the research area, used ways or ideas such as partition hierarchy collecting the soil samples within the experimental field, checking and analyzing main nutrition and heavy metal content as well as monitoring experimental eco-physiological indexes of maize in the region and its heavy metal content in various parts of the plant to explore the influence of using different particle size distribution of coal gangue as fill substrates on the crops in filling areas. The results shows that it is much better to use the coal gangue after filtering as fill substrate than the natural coal gangue because the former has better property of keeping water and nutrient and air permeability. What’s more, the land which has used 70%~100% of coal gangue in size of < 80 cm as fill substrate can get the maize with good performance of eco-physiological characteristics, which shows that this reclamation plan can be more suitable for maize growth. However, both reclamation plans have to meet the problems that some heavy metals content in soil are beyond the standards and move into plants. Therefore, how to cut down heavy metal content and the movement from soil to plants should be the important point of further study.