生物炭对黑土区大豆节水增产及土壤肥力影响研究

The Impact of Biochar on Soybean in the Black Soil Zone Growth and Soil Fertility

通过盆栽实验,研究了黑土中施加不同含量生物炭对大豆生长状况、产量及土壤肥力的影响,实验共设5个处理:不添加生物炭(CK),每1kg干土加生物炭10g(C10)、20g(C20)、30g(C30)、40g(C40)和50g(C50)。结果表明:适量生物炭可促进大豆生长并提高大豆产量,提高水分利用效率,与CK相比,C10处理苗期对株高、茎粗的增幅最大,C20处理花期、结荚期和鼓粒期株高、茎粗及叶面积的增幅最大,C10、C20和30处理产量分别提高11%、28%和11%,其中C20处理的产量增幅最大。施加生物炭处理可增大黑土pH值,并提高土壤肥力,随着生物炭含量的增大,土壤肥力有增高趋势,C50处理的有机质、碱解氮、有速磷、速效钾增幅最大,分别为42%、45%、285%和363%。综合看来,C20处理对大豆生长有利,C50对土壤肥力提高幅度最大。

Research is done on the effects of different amounts of biochar on soybean growth conditions ,yield and soil fertility applied to black soil is conducted through the pot experiment ,which consists of five treatments ：without adding biochar （CK） ,per 1kg of dry soil biochar plus 10g （C10） ,20g （C20） ,30g （C30） ,40g （C40） ,50g （C50） .The results show that ：the proper amount of bio-char can promote the growth of soybeans ,the soybean yields and increasing water use efficiency .Compared with CK ,the increase in plant height and stem diameter in treatment C10 during the seeding stage reaches the highest ,the increase of plant height ,stem di-ameter and the leaf area reaches the highest in treatment C 20 during flowering stage ,podding stage and drum grain stage .Compared with CK treatment ,yield increases by 11% ,28% and 11% .In treatments C10 ,C20 and C30 respectively ,among which the largest increase is gained in treatment C20 .Applying biochar to black soil can increase its PH value and improve soil fertility .With the in-crease in biochar content ,soil fertility shows an increasing tendency .Organic matter ,available N ,available P and available K in-crease by 42% ,45% ,285% and 363% respectively in treatment C50 .Comprehensive view ,C20 treatment can promote soybean grow th and C50 treatment can best increase soil fertility .