青海河南县高原鼠兔的分布及其与土壤特性的相关性分析

The distribution of the plateau pika and correlation with soil properties of Henan County in Qinghai

为了明确影响鼠类分布的自然制约因素,采用样线法对高原鼠兔的分布及其与土壤特性的关系进行了研究,结果表明：（1）从山顶到河漫滩湿地这个小的空间尺度上,高原鼠兔相对密度随高度的降低呈先增加后降低的趋势,河漫滩湿地的相对密度显著低于山顶、坡地和滩地（P〈0.05）,而坡地的有效洞密度最高;（2）从山顶到河漫滩湿地的空间尺度上,土壤质地均为砂壤,土壤pH和土壤温度无明显变化;在0~7.5 cm土层,土壤湿度河漫滩湿地显著高于滩地、坡地和山顶（P〈0.05）,而山顶最低;土壤有机质河漫滩湿地显著高于滩地和坡地（P〈0.05）,山顶较高,而滩地表现为最低;土壤紧实度河漫滩湿地也显著高于滩地、坡地和山顶（P〈0.05）,山顶显著高于坡地（P〈0.05）,坡地最低;（3）3个土层土壤全磷和速效磷,在不同生境间均无显著差异（P〈0.05）;在0~7.5 cm土层,土壤全氮和速效氮都是河漫滩湿地显著高于滩地（P〈0.05）;土壤全钾和速效钾都是山顶、坡地和滩地显著高于河漫滩湿地（P〈0.05）,而滩地最高;（4）高原鼠兔相对密度与土壤湿度之间呈极显著的负相关（P〈0.01）,与土壤7.5~15 cm紧实度呈显著的负相关（P〈0.05）,与土壤15~22.5 cm有机质含量之间呈显著的负相关（P〈0.05）;（5）高原鼠兔相对密度与土壤0~7.5 cm和7.5~15 cm全钾含量之间呈显著的正相关关系（P〈0.05）,与土壤7.5~15 cm和15~22.5 cm速效氮含量呈显著的负相关关系（P〈0.05）。这表明高原鼠兔喜栖居在土壤湿度较小、土质较疏松的平缓坡地及滩地地段,且其活动的区域土壤全钾含量较高,速效氮含量较低。

In order to understand the natural constraints of the distribution of the pikas,the line transect method was adopted to investigate the distribution of plateau pika and correlation with soil properties.The results showthat： 1） From the top of the mountain to the valley wetlands,the relative density of plateau pika increases first and decreases next with the reduce of height,and it is significantlylower in valley wetlands than it in the top of the mountain,the slope,and the shoal（ P〈0.05）.The slope has the highest density.2） The soil type is sand soil,but the soil p H and temperature have no obvious change.At 0 ~ 7.5 cm soil layer,the soil moisture in wetland is significantly higher than it on the floodplain,slope,and the lowest is on the top of the mountain.Soil organic matter in valley wetland is significantly higher than（ P〈0.05） that on the floodplain and slope,and floodplain is the lowest.Soil compactness in wetland is also significantly higher than it on the floodplain,slope and the top of the mountain.The top of the mountain is higher than slope（ P〈0.05） and slope is the lowest; 3） No significant differences of total and available phosphorus of soil in the 3layers between different habitats（ P〈0.05）.At 0 ~ 7.5 cm soil layer,soil total and available nitrogen were significantly higher in valley wetlands than on floodplains（ P〈0.05）.The soil total and available potassium is significantly higher on the top of the mountain,slope,and shoal than in the valley wetland（ P〈0.05）,with the highest value in floodplain.4） There is a significantly negative correlation between the relative density of plateau pika and soil moisture（ P〈0.01）,and a significantly negative correlation with the soil compactness in 7.5 ~ 15 cm（ P〈0.05）,and a significantly negative correlation with content of soil organic in the 15 ~ 22.5 cm（ P〈0.05）.5） There is a significantly positive correlation between the relative density of plateau pika and the total potassium content of soil at 0 ~ 7.5cm and 7.5 ~ 15 cm（ P〈0.05） and a significantly negative correlation with the available nitrogen content of soil in 7.5 ~ 15 cm and 15 ~ 22.5cm（ P〈0.05）.The results indicate that the plateau pika like habituating in those places with lower soil moisture and looser soil,such as slope and floodplain area with higher soil total potassium content and lower available nitrogen content.