视网膜母细胞瘤的发生机制及诊断和治疗进展

The pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma

视网膜母细胞瘤是婴幼儿最常见的眼球内恶性肿瘤,不仅影响眼球和视力,甚至危及生命。随着临床治疗水平的不断提高,治疗的目标也从单纯局限于保护患儿的生命转向立足于提高患儿的生存质量,即保留眼球和有用视功能的方向发展,而实现这一目标的最关键问题在于患儿的早期发现和诊断。由于视网膜母细胞瘤患儿的年龄一般都在三岁以下,肿瘤的早期发现相当困难,这不仅是因为患儿眼底检查配合不佳,更是缺乏清晰和直观的检查成像手段所造成的。随着基础研究和临床实践的逐步深入,视网膜母细胞瘤有了更多的治疗方法。本文就视网膜母细胞瘤的发生机制、早期诊断和治疗进展进行综述。

Retinoblastoma is the most common infant intraocular malignant tumors,it affects not only the visual function,but also the life of the patients. With the advances of clinical treatment,the goal of treatment is also shifted from simply limited to the protection of children＇s life to a new development direction for improving the quality of life of children,that is,the eyeball preservation and keeping useful visual function. Early detection and diagnosis of children is the most critical issue to achieve this goal,because ages of retinoblastoma children generally are less than three years old,the early detection of tumors is quite difficult,not only due to the child＇s poor cooperate with the fundus examination,but also the lack of clear and intuitive means of examination and imaging. With the development of basic and clinical researches,there are more methods for the treatment of the retinoblastoma. This review is focused on the recent advances in pathogenesis,early diagnosis and treatment progress in retinoblastoma.