脱脂溶剂对大豆分离蛋白、7S和11S球蛋白提取率及纯度的影响

Effect of defatting solvents on extraction rate and purity of soybean protein isolate,7S and 11S globulins

研究了正己烷-乙醇(体积比2∶1)、正己烷、乙醚3种脱脂溶剂对大豆分离蛋白(SPI)、β-伴大豆球蛋白(7S)和大豆球蛋白(11S)提取率和纯度的影响。结果表明:经3种脱脂溶剂脱脂后的SPI脂类残留和7S球蛋白提取率差异极显著(P<0.01),SPI的提取率和蛋白质含量差异不显著(P>0.05);经乙醚脱脂的脱脂大豆粉及其制备的SPI脂类残留最低,分别为0.3%和0.2%;乙醚脱脂的7S和11S球蛋白提取率和纯度最高,提取率分别为73.5%和84.8%,纯度分别为77.3%和90.2%。根据对SPI、7S和11S球蛋白提取率及纯度的影响,大豆脱脂溶剂应选择乙醚。

The effects of three kinds of defatting solvents（ hexane- ethanol（ volume ratio 2 ∶ 1）,hexane and ethyl ether） on the extraction rate and purity of the soybean protein isolate（ SPI）,β- conglycinin（ 7S） and glycinin（ 11S） were studied. The results showed that there were significant differences（ P 0. 01） between residual lipid of SPI and extraction rate of 7S after being defatted by three kinds of defatting solvents,but there was no significant difference（ P 0. 05） between the extraction rate and protein content of SPI. The residual lipids of ethyl ether defatted soybean powder and SPI were the lowest,down to 0. 3% and 0. 2% respectively. The extraction rate and purity of 7S and 11 S globulins defatted by ethyl ether were the highest,up to 73. 5%,84. 8% and 77. 3%,90. 2% respectively. According to the effect on the extraction rates and purities of SPI,7S and 11 S globulins,ethyl ether should be chosen as the defatting solvent for soybean.