用于二维角度估计的新型阵列结构及性能分析

Analysis of Novel Array Structure and Performance Applied to 2-D Angle Estimation

为提高天线在低信噪比情况下的波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计能力和估计精度,基于柱形多层均匀圆阵,提出了一种新型锥形多层均匀圆阵。将该阵列在锥面各条母线上的阵元等效为均匀线阵,并将各线阵上接收的数据构成新的阵列流形矩阵。对比分析2种阵列流形的克拉美罗界(Cramer-Rao bound,CRB),得出该阵列在低信噪比(Signal-to-Noise Ratio,SNR)、大仰角情况下相对柱形多层均匀圆阵可以获得更高的估计精度和估计成功概率。在仿真中,用二维多重信号分类(Two-Dimensional Multiple Signal Classification,2-D MUSIC)算法验证了该阵列在多信源、低信噪比和大仰角时的优越性,同时给出了空间角对该阵列DOA估计性能的影响。

In order to improve the direction of arrival （DOA） estimation capability and accuracy on condition of low signal-to-noise ratio, a new conical multilayer uniform circular array is designed based on cylindrical muhilayer uniform circular array. The array elements on the element of cone are equivalent to a uniform linear array, and the linear array received data constitute a new array manifold matrix. Compared these two kinds of array manifold Cramer-Rao bound （CRB）, the result shows that on conditions of low signal-to- noise ratio and high elevation, the new array can get higher estimation accuracy and the probability of success relative to cylindrical multilayer uniform circular array. In the simulation, the superiority of the array in the multisource is verified by using the algorithm of the two-dimensional multiple signal classification （2 -D MUSIC） on conditions of low SNR and high elevation, and the effect of the spatial angle on the performance of the array DOA estimation is given.