基于SWAD算法的空间面目标高精度跟踪技术研究

Research on technologies of space area targets high-precision tracking based on SWAD algorithm

针对空间面目标的高精度跟踪问题,提出一种面目标高精度跟踪方法,该方法利用SWAD模板匹配算法和亚像素拟合算法提取目标精确的位置信息,并在跟踪过程中对模板进行实时更新。对传统的无限冲击响应滤波模板更新方法进行了改进,提出一种变系数模板更新方法,该方法计算量小,不需要经过复杂的置信度判断,模板更新系数由当前模板图像和当前最佳匹配区域图像的灰度值决定;利用不同亮度的目标,以及对目标图像进行尺度变换模拟姿态变化的目标,比较了该模板更新算法和传统算法的匹配误差,结果表明:该算法能够更好地适应目标姿态的变化;最后通过平行光管和靶标板模拟远场非合作目标,搭建了室内演示试验,证明了利用模板匹配进行高精度目标跟踪的可行性。

For the problem of high-precision tracking of space area targets, a method of tracking area targets with high-precision was proposed. Sum of weighted absolute differences （SWAD） matching algorithm and sub-pixel fitting algorithm were used to extract precise position of the target. The template was updated during tracking. The conventional infinite impulse response filter approach used for template updating was improved. A variable coefficient template updating method was proposed. This method had small amount of computations, and creditability evaluation was not needed. The template updating coefficient was determined by gray values of current template and current best matching area. Images with different target brightness, and images after scale transformation for simulating target attitude change, were used to compare matching error of proposed method and conventional method. Results show that method proposed in this paper has better adaptability to changes of target attitude. Finally, collimator and simulation target were used to simulate far-field non-cooperative target. Indoor demonstration experiment was set up and the experiment shows that high-precision target tracking with image matching is feasible.