教学用模拟患者血清标本的制备与评价

Preparation and evaluation of patient serum analogue for experimental teaching

目的获得具有典型生化特征、教学用的模拟患者血清标本,并确定其贮存温度和保质时间。方法制备1%的酵母提取物溶液作为基底液。向基底液中添加14.0 mmol/L的葡萄糖和10.0 mmol/L的三酰甘油(TG),制备模拟的糖尿病血清标本;向基底液中添加10.0 mmol/L的TG,制备模拟的高甘油三酯血症血清标本;向基底液中添加28.0 g/L的白蛋白和10.0 mmol/L的TG,制备模拟的肾病综合征血清标本;向基底液中添加28.0 g/L的白蛋白和60 U/L的谷草转氨酶,制备模拟的肝硬化患者血清标本。测定各标本在室温、4℃和-20℃条件下,存放1、7、30 d后各生化指标的变化情况。结果模拟的患者血清标本外观与临床血清标本基本一致。模拟的糖尿病血清标本具有葡萄糖、TG升高的特征;模拟的高甘油三酯血症血清标本具有TG升高的特征;模拟的肾病综合征血清标本具有TG升高、白蛋白降低的特征;模拟的肝硬化血清标本具有谷草转氨酶升高、白蛋白降低的特征。4种标本均可在-20℃保存30 d,除了模拟肾病综合征的白蛋白以外,其余各指标的变化差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论获得了4种可供实验教学使用的模拟患者血清标本,确定了它们的最适贮存温度和保质时间。

Objective To obtain patient serum analogues with classic biochemistry properties and can be used for experimental teaching, acquire their optimum storage temperature and quality guarantee period. Methods The 1% yeast extract solution was firstly prepared as basal solution. To prepare patient serum analogue of diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia,nephrotic syndrome and cirrhosis, amount of 14.0 mmol/L glucose and 10.0 mmol/L tiacylg lycerol, 10.0 mmol/L tiacylg lycerol, 28 g/L albumin and 10.0 mmol/L tiacylg lycerol, and 28 g/L albumin and 60 U/L aspartate aminotransferase were added to basal solution, respectively. The changes of these additives were detected after storage at room temperature,-4℃ and-20℃ for 1, 7 and 30 days, respectively. Results The prepared patient serum analogues showed a similar appearance with the clinic serum. The patient serum analogue of diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, nephrotic syndrome and cirrhosis showed its corresponding character of raised glucose and tiacylg lycerol, raised tiacylg lycerol, raised tiacylg lycerol and reduced albumin, and raised aspartate aminotransferase and reduced albumin, respectively. Except for albumin in nephritic syndrome, all additives had no changes within 30 days when storage at-20℃（P〉0.05）. Conclusion This article obtains four kinds of patient serum analogues which can be used for experiment teaching, and their optimum storage temperature and quality guarantee period are confirmed.