政府向谁购买服务:一个国家与社会关系的视角

From Whom Local Governments Procure Social Services: A State- society Relationship Perspective

政府购买服务的具体模式和实践受制于国家与社会的关系。具体的政府购买服务能够展示出来什么样的国家社会关系?是否为传统的国家与社会关系提供了新的因素?政府决定跟什么样的私人或社会组织合作,可以从一个侧面透视出来国家社会关系的传统的或新有的模式。传统上认为,我国国家与社会关系由"大政府小社会"的模式主导。论文以上海市政府购买服务作为具体案例,研究发现:第一,虽然政府是向社会组织购买服务,但仍然有一定比例的事业单位承接了政府购买服务项目;非事业单位的社会组织有相当比例是由政府和事业单位成立的;传统的国家社会关系在政府购买服务过程中表现明显。第二,民间人士成立的社会组织在政府购买服务中占据一定的比例,它们参与体现了竞争性的发展模式,民间人士成立的社会组织甚至比更具官方色彩的其他组织在获得政府项目上更具显著优势。论文认为政府购买服务带来了混合性的国家社会关系模式,既延续了传统的大政府模式,也带来新的竞争性的社会组织发展模式。

The model and practice of government procurement social services from social organizations are shaped by the relationship between state and society. At the same time,there are general institutional demands of this behavior which also can shape the relationship between state and society. It will help scholars to understand governmental logic by looking at the question that from which social organizations local governments will procure social services. The article takes Shanghai as a case to check the changing relationship between state and society in this area. In 2009,the local government of Shanghai launched the city- wide government procurement program for community- level social services. From 2009 to the August of 2013, the local government contracted out total 942 community service procurement projects to 356 social organizations.