脂肪酸制备二聚酸的实验研究

Experimental Study on the Preparation of Dimer Acid with Fatty Acid

论文以三种不同组成的脂肪酸混合物为原料,三种不同的膨润土为催化剂,考察二聚酸合成情况,选择了合适的原料和催化剂,并得到了二聚酸粗品。实验结果表明,原料的脂肪酸组成影响二聚酸收率,以亚油酸含量较高的混合脂肪酸为原料,可获得较高的二聚酸收率;催化剂中蒙脱土含量越高、吸附性能和分散能力越强,则催化活性越高。钠基蒙脱土作催化剂,大豆油酸作原料时,二聚酸收率最高。并在此原料和催化剂下,利用正交实验确定了适宜的工艺条件:常压,有氮气保护,反应温度为260℃,反应时间为7 h,催化剂用量为脂肪酸质量的16%(w),助催化剂用量为脂肪酸质量的2%(w),二聚酸收率为63.4%。

Three kinds of fatty acid mixtures were used as the raw materials,three different kinds of bentonite were used as catalysts to prepare dimmer acid. The effects of the fatty acid composition and the type of catalyst on the synthesis of dimer acid were investigated to choose the oppropriate raw material and catalyst. It was shown that the fatty acid composition of raw material can affect the yield of dimer acid greatly. The higher yield of dimer acid can be obtained by using the raw material with high linoleic acid content. The higher the montmorillonite content of catalyst is,the stronger the adsorption and dispersion ability is,the higher the catalytic activity is. When sodium montmorillonite as a catalyst,soybean oil fatty acid as raw materials,the highest yield of dimer acid was obtained. Under this raw material and the catalyst,the optimum technological conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment： normal pressure,nitrogen protection,reaction temperature 260 ℃,reaction time 7 h,bentonite catalyst dosage 16%（ w）（ based on the fatty acid） and cocatalyst Li Cl dosage 2%（ w）（ based on the fatty acid）,the dimer acid yield was63. 4%.