基于GIS的医疗设施可达性测量方法及实证——以宁波市海曙区为例

GIS-based Measurement Methods and Empirical Study on Accessibility of Medical Facilities:Haishu District,Ningbo City as An Example

为支持政府优化公共设施布局,利用GIS、改进潜能模型构建了刻画人口对医疗设施需求的人口需求指数,与测量医疗设施空间公平性的因子空间叠置法集成得到医疗设施可达性测度方法,并以宁波市海曙区为例进行实证。结果表明:(1)人口需求指数和公平性测量方法能够有效地刻画医疗设施的空间分布,进而表征医疗设施空间布局的合理性;(2)以社区为分析单元,数据获取难度大,但是能准确地判识出缺医最基层单元;(3)海曙区医疗设施可达性分布不均衡:鼓楼街道和月湖街道可达性较高、段塘街道和望春街道较缺乏医疗设施,高需求或很高需求而可达性低的社区占社区总数的32.43%。

To support the government to optimize the layout of public facilities, using GIS and improved potential model, the Population Demand Index of the population to the medical facilities is constructed ,which is integrated with factor spatial o- verlay method incasing spatial equality to obtain the measurement method for accessibility of medical facilities, and then the Haishu District in Ningbo City is researched as empirical object. The results show： （ 1 ） Population Demand Index and equity measurement method can effectively portray the spatial distribution of medical facilities, and then the rationality of the spatial distribution of medical facilities is characterized ; （2） The community as a unit of analysis, data acquisition is difficult, but the study can accurately identify the basic unit of medical vacancy; （ 3 ） Haishu district medical facilities accessibility distribution is not balanced the Gulou Street and Yuehu Street up to higher, segment Wangchun streets and Duantang streets is lack of medical facilities,high demand or very high demand and low accessibility of community accounts for 32. 43% of the total community.