国外水资源科技政策发展历程及对我国的启示

Study on Evolution of International Water Resources S&T Policy and Its Inspiration to China

当前中国面临水资源短缺、水污染严重、水生态环境恶化等问题,已成为制约经济社会可持续发展的主要瓶颈。我国亟需科学研究与管理实践相结合制定水资源管理政策。本文对国际组织、机构及发达国家自20世纪70年代以来在水资源领域的科技政策和行政管理政策进行系统梳理,分析其科技政策体系框架、科技政策推进特点模式及其未来科技政策发展趋势。在此基础上,提出我国水资源科技政策的若干思考,以期为未来水资源政策的优化和完善提供参考。

It must be awared that prominent issues such as water shortage, extensive water use, severe water pollution and deterioration of water ecology, have become major bottlenecks constraining sustainable socioeconomic development in China. Therefore, It is very necessary for formulateing water resource policy to combine with scientific theories and management practices. The water policies since the 1970s are analyzed to describe the evolution of water science and technology policy system ,including the system framework and themes of water policy in some advanced countries and the international organization or institutions. It is hoped that the water management experience discussed in the paper will shed some light to the formulation and implementation of China＇s water programs and help ensure sustainability of China＇s valuable water resources.