灾害救援人员任务后生理心理干预模式理论建构

Theoretical construction of biopsychological intervention model for disaster rescuers after the mission

灾难事件后,救援人员除在救援现场产生"灾后应激症状",还会在任务结束后将心理问题带入日常生活中。因此,对救援人员进行心理干预,不仅应重视他们在现场出现的异常心理问题,更要在其任务结束后进行长期、系统的心理干预。笔者简要回顾国内外灾后救援人员心理问题及心理干预现状,在结合文献和自身实践经验的基础上,提出救援人员任务后的生理心理干预模式——"一个目标、二个前提、三个原则、四个阶段",旨在对今后救援人员心理干预工作提供一定的借鉴。

After disaster, in addition to post disaster stress symptoms that occurs on the scene, rescuers may bring their psychological problems into daily life after rescue mission. Therefore, we should not only pay attention to their abnormal psychological problems on the scene, but also to carry out long-term and systematic psychological intervention after rescue mission. The author briefly reviewed the situation of rescuers＇ psychological problems and psychological intervention after disaster at home and abroad, put forward biopsychological intervention model for disaster rescuers after the mission on the basis of literature review and practical experience, namely ＂one goal, two premises, three principles and four stages＂, in order to provide reference for rescures＇ psychological intervention work in the future.