骨细胞研究的最新进展

Recent progress on osteocyte research

骨细胞是骨组织中含量最为丰富、分布最广泛且包埋在矿化骨基质中的细胞,其寿命可接近机体的寿命。骨细胞通过细胞质树突形成骨细胞和骨表面之间相互通信网络系统,对维持骨组织的正常生理功能具有重要意义。骨细胞作为骨机械应力的直接感受器,不仅可以通过释放生物活性因子如PEG2、NO、ATP等以及经典Wnt/β-catenin信号通路将机械应力信号转化为骨形成或骨吸收的生化信号,并且将这些生化信号传递到骨组织其他类型细胞并调控其功能活动,从而引发骨重建功能。骨细胞周围出现的微裂隙会中断微管网络系统,进而引发骨细胞周围自噬。此外,骨细胞对调节体内矿物质平衡、脂肪代谢以及造血功能也极为重要。

Content of osteocyte in bone tissue is the most abundant,the most widely distributed,and embedding the cells in the mineralized bone matrix,the life can be close to the life of the body. Osteocyte formed by the cytoplasm dendritic communication network system between osteocyte and bone surface,is of great significance to maintaining the normal physiological function of bone tissue. Bone cells as the direct receptor of bone mechanical stress,through the release of bioactive factors such as PEG2,NO,ATP and classic Wnt / beta catenin signaling pathway mechanical stress signal can be converted to bone formation and bone resorption of biochemical signals,and the biochemical signals were transfer to the other type cells of the tissue to regulate its function activities and cause bone reconstruction function. The microcracks surrounding osteocyte can disrupt the microtubule network system,cause surrounding osteocyte autophagy. In addition,osteocyte is very important for regulation of the body mineral balance,fat metabolism,and hematopoietic function.