空间性特质与汉语的个性特点——从离合词的成因谈起

The Trait of Spatiality and the Unique Characteristics of Chinese:Starting with the Cause of the Occurrence of Separable Words

离合词能集中体现汉语区别于他种语言的个性特点,主要表现于三个方面:(1)字、语素、词、词组界限具有模糊性;(2)名词与动词界限具有跨界性;(3)句法结构具有离散生、块状性和可逆性。基于Humboldt关于语言与思维具有通约性这一观点,通过对汉字构造特点、名动关系等方面的分析,本文发现:汉语具有明显的空间性特质,而这一特质正是包括离合词在内的汉语诸多个性特点产生的根本原因。

Separable words can epitomize the unique characteristics of Chinese, such as ： （i） the blurred boundary between characters, morphemes, words and phrases, （it） the cross-boundary between nouns and verbs, and （iii） the discreteness, chunkiness and reversibility of syntactic structures. Based on Humboldt ＇ s idea that there is commen- surability between language and thought, and on the analysis of the structural features of Chinese characters and the relations between nouns and verbs, this paper reaches the conclusion that Chinese clearly has the trait of spatiality, which can be considered to be the essential cause of the unique characteristics of Chinese including the existence of separable words.