欧洲航天局月球着陆器概述及启示

Overview and Enlightenment of ESA Lunar Lander

月球南极位于太阳系中已知的最大撞击坑——爱特肯盆地的边缘,具有独特的科学探测价值,但鉴于多种原因至今尚无着陆器涉足。针对欧洲航天局月球南极着陆的长期论证结果,选取了最新的月球着陆器设计方案,介绍了整器构型和任务飞行过程,总结了光照与通信分析方法、障碍识别与规避和推进系统的实现方式;分析了月尘环境及等离子探测仪、月尘分析仪、月壤挥发物分析仪和可移动载荷等4种有效载荷的功能组成。最后提出了对我国月球探测的建议。

Located at the rim of the Aitken Basin,being the largest known impact crater in the so- lar system, the lunar south polar region is of special scientific value. Owing to plenty of reasons, so far no lander has landed there. The paper traces the persistent investigation of European Space Agency on the lunar south pole landing and puts emphasis on the most rencent design concept. It introduces the lander configuration and mission scenario. And summarizes analytical method of illumination and communication and realization mode of hazard detection and avoidance as well as propulsion. The paper also demonstrates the constitution of four typical payloads： lunar dust en- vironment and plasma package, lunar dust analysis package, lunar volatile resources analysis pack- age and mobile payload element. It proposes the following enlightenment： firstly, as opportunity is a companion of challenge in landing at the lunar south pole,it is suggested to carry out feasibili- ty demonstration in time; secondly,for landing in the south pole,exact topography and illumina- tion information and precise soft-landing technologies are compulsory.