橡胶树雌蕊特异结构的发现初报

Specific Structure of Pistil in Rubber Tree(Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)

橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.)的蒴果中通常含有3颗种子,但大田调查中发现,有含4颗种子和2颗种子的现象。对3个品系的橡胶树蒴果进行大田调查,并对雌蕊进行石蜡切片观察,结果表明:橡胶树的雌蕊中均存在四心室的现象,其发生频率品系间差异较大,没有观察到二心室的雌蕊;在橡胶树雌蕊中存在单个心室内2个胚珠的现象,品系间发生比率差异较大;3个品系的橡胶树均存在4颗种子的蒴果,品系间发生比率差异较大;只有GT1中存在2颗种子的蒴果。橡胶树4颗种子的蒴果由四心室雌蕊发育而来,2颗种子蒴果的形成原因有待进一步研究。

The fruit of rubber trees（Hevea brasiliensis） was considered as a three-lobed capsule, while four-lobed and/or two-lobed capsule can be found occasionally. The pistil with different number of locules and capsule with different number of seeds were found in rubber. Our results showed that four locules of pistil and two ovules of locule exist in rubber, there were difference in the frequency of four-locules pistil and two-ovules locule among different cultivars. All three cultivars have four-lobed capsule but only GT1 has two-lobed capsule. The four-lobed capsule was developed from four-locules pistil, while the mechanism for the formation of two-lobed capsule remains unclear.