行人交通流三参数基本关系式适用性研究

Applicability Analysis of Triparametric Fundamental Equations for Pedestrian Traffic Flow

为研究交通流量、密度和速度基本关系式对行人交通流的适用性，采用类比和误差分析方法，建立了行人交通流基本关系式评价方法与步骤．采集了水平通道、楼梯等步行设施行人流量、密度和速度数据，并利用基本关系式进行密度换算，分析了密度实际观测值与基本关系式换算值之间的差异．研究结果表明：对于有固定边界步行设施上的行人交通流，在极低密度和极高密度时，用基本关系式换算参数的误差可高达20％-25％；使用基本关系式还会得到极高密度时行人交通仍能获得较高流量与速度的错误结论，并导致部分高密度交通流数据缺失；行人交通流三参数基本关系式并不严格成立，对于行人通行能力的理论研究，不应采用基本关系式进行参数换算．

To verify whether the fundamental equations among traffic volume, density and speed hold for pedestrian traffic flow, methods of analogy analysis and error analysis were used to establish the methodology and procedures for examining the applicability of the fundamental equations. Pedestrian traffic data including volume, density, and speed on level walkways and stairways were collected. The observed density values were compared with those converted by the fundamental equations to analyze the errors between them. The results show that for the pedestrian flow on walking facilities with boundaries, the relative error of parameter conversion by using the fundamental equations could reach more than 20% -25% in very low and high density conditions. What＇s worse, the application of fundamental equations likely leads to a wrong conclusion that the pedestrian flow and speed can be still high in high density conditions, and even loses some high-density data. The truth is that the traffic flow fundamental equations do not hold strictly under real pedestrian traftle conditions, and hence should not be applied for parametric calculation in theoretical research of pedestrian traffic capacity.