论区域发展政策的空间属性

On the Spatial Dimension of Regional Development Policy

过去的五年内,覆盖世界大部分地区的区域发展报告空前密集地出台,但它们主张的不同发展思路引发了对区域经济发展机制和政策干预模式的重新思考。我们将其中的干预思路分为"基于地区"和"空间中性"两派,并进一步梳理了这两种区域经济政策干预方法的脉络,以此为基础对中国的区域发展政策进行了审视。我们认为发展应当采取"基于地区"和"空间中性"哪种思路取决于经济体要素市场和公共服务等机制体制的完善性,经济体不同的制度发展阶段应该采用差异化的政策干预。"基于地区"的发展思路更适用于要素市场不够完全的地区,这是中国大部分地区的特点,中央在实施地方发展政策要尽量摒弃"一刀切"的区域干预政策,在制定发展战略时积极考虑地方背景,提高政策精确性,完善地方基本公共服务制度。

Over the past five years, regional development reports on world development with different positions on regional development mechanism and intervention modes have been published. We summarized these positions into two kinds based on their different assumption of factor liquidity cross regions, place-based and spatial neutral. Furthermore, we reviewed the origin of them and survey the China case. It is demonstrated that the essential reason to adopt place-based or spatial neutral policies is the condition of factor markets and regional public service level. The economy needs various policies based on their phase of institution level. In China where the factor markets are still far from perfect, relevant institutions not mature ,place-based policies should be more applauding. The central government should abandon policies of one-for-all style and take local context into consideration when making policies to improve the accuracy of policies and local essential public service institutions.