小额信贷“瞄不准”原因分析与瞄准精度测度——从需求主体竞争角度出发

Analysis of Causes of “Mis-targeting” of Micro-credit and Measurement of Targeting Accuracy:From the View of Demanders Competition

文章基于耗散结构理论,从需求角度分析了小额信贷"瞄不准"的原因,测度了不同情况下小额信贷的瞄准精度。研究发现"瞄不准"的原因包括:第一,信贷产品多样化,信贷基础设施优越以及良好的信用文化是小额信贷存续的前提;第二,在信贷资源匮乏、竞争不充分的信贷市场上,需求主体的增长率和市场饱和程度是影响瞄准精度的重要因素;第三,市场竞争度与小额信贷的瞄准精度呈正相关关系。得出结论:在一个创新机制完善、成熟的完全竞争市场上,小额信贷不可能实现完美瞄准,瞄准结果只能是不断向完美瞄准状态靠拢。

By constructing a dissipative structure model, this research analyses the causes of ＂mis-targeting＂ of micro-credit from the view of demand point, and measures the targeting accuracy of micro-credit in dif- ferent situations. This research found three causes of ＂mis-targeting＂ of micro-credit include： First, the credit environment is the crucial factor. A variety of credit products, superior credit infrastructure, and good credit culture are the premises of the existence of microfinance. Second, in a inadequate competition market which is lack of resources, the growth rate of demand and the degree of market saturation are main influencing factors for targeting accuracy. Third, the more competition in the market, the higher targeting accuracy. In addition, in a mature and fully competitive market with perfect innovative mechanism, targe- ting accuracy of micro-credit can never achieve the six indicators of perfect targeting in the same time, and there is no perfect targeting, only continue to move closer to perfection targeting state.