留学生群体与20世纪初文学的转型

Returned Student Groups and Transformation of the Early 20th Century Literature

20世纪初,伴随中国传统社会的变革,中国文学也开始了从传统到现代的缓慢过渡。梁启超等最早开始把目光转移到社会下层,希望通过文学的变革来改造国民性,达到救国之目的。晚清的留学生们则当仁不让地加入了社会和文学的变革中,但他们肩负了太多的民族使命,在文学的形制上难以摆脱传统的思维方式和文本形式。五四时期,留学生们以彻底的决绝精神,喊出"打倒旧文学、建立新文学"的口号,提倡白话文学,以白话文的书写方式,促使中国传统文学从古典文学的链条上断裂,完成了20世纪真正意义上中国传统文学的转型。

Along with changes in traditional Chinese society in the early 20 th century,classical Chinese literature also began a slow transition to modernization. LIANG Qichao and others first shifted their attention to the underprivileged communities,hoping to save the country through literature reform. Returned students in late Qing Dynasty determinedly joined the social and literary changes. Unfortunately,burdened with too heavy national missions,their literary writing could not get rid of traditional mentality and text formats. During the＂May Fourth＂period,triggered by the spirit of an absolute separation,returned students initiated a slogan ＂Down with the old literature,and up of a new one＂. They advocated vernacular literature,hoping to break up with the chain of traditional Chinese literature through their vernacular writing. In the true sense,they finished the transformation of traditional Chinese literature in the 20 th century.