纽约州鹿尾党的建立与美国第二政党体制的起源

The Bucktails in New York State and the Origin of the Second Party System

19世纪初,美国纽约州共和党分裂成鹿尾党与克林顿派,形成了一种新的两党体制。不同于纽约州的传统政党,鹿尾党强调政党纪律和民主原则,建立了通信委员会和政党核心会议这样的组织机构,用政治分肥制来提高党员在竞选中的积极性,同时拥有了自己的政党报纸,革新了政党观念。这些新特征帮助鹿尾党很快在纽约州的政治中确立了优势地位。1824—1840年,美国其他州也相继出现了相互对立的两大政党,美国第二政党体制在全国范围内正式形成。从这个意义上讲,鹿尾党的成立及其与克林顿派在纽约州的并立,对美国第二政党体制的形成具有极其重要的作用和源头性的意义。

In the 1810 s,New York Republican party was divided into the Bucktails and the Clintonians,thus forming a new two-party system. The Bucktails were different from the traditional parties in New York. They emphasized the party discipline and democratic principle,and established organizations,such as the Committee of Correspondence and Party Caucus. They also used the spoil system to stimulate the enthusiasm of party members in elections. In addition,the Bucktails founded their party newspaper and renovated the party concept. With these new characteristics,the Bucktails swiftly dominated the political life of Ney York State. During 1824- 1840,two-party system appeared in other states,signifying the start of the second party system. In this regard,the rivalry between the Bucktails and the Clintonians was significant and original.