战后日美文化教育交流会议的形成、作用及其局限性

The Formation,Function and Limitation of the U.S.-Japan Conference on Cultural and Educational Interchange

第二次世界大战后,美国对日本大规模移植美国式民主文化,导致战后日美文化关系呈现出严重不平等性的特征。但随着日本经济的迅速崛起,日本国内要求日美文化平等化的呼声日益强烈。对此,出于对日美文化冲突会动摇战后日美同盟的担忧,美方也积极回应了日方推动日美文化关系平等化的呼声。1961年日美文化教育交流会议的设立,正是日美双方在协调两国文化关系问题上取得的关键性成果。以该会议为核心的日美文化协调机制与日美军事、经济协调机制并列,成为支撑战后日美同盟的三大支柱之一,为巩固、延续战后日美同盟发挥着文化润滑剂的作用。然而,日美文化内在特性的巨大差异注定了日美文化冲突的命运,这也是以日美文化教育交流会议为核心的日美文化协调机制的主要局限性。

The intensive transplantation of the American democratic culture onto Japan after the Second World War resulted in the severe cultural inequity between the U. S. and Japan. With the rapid growth of Japanese economy,Japanese people strongly demanded for the cultural equalization. In order to maintain the Japan-American alliance,the U. S. reacted positively. CULCON in 1961 was a major achievement in the reconciliation of the cultural relationship. Along with the military and economic coordination mechanisms,the cultural one,represented by CULCON was one of the three keystones of the post-war Japan-American alliance. On the other hand,the intrinsic cultural differences between Japan and the U. S. predetermined the direction of their cultural conflict. It reflected the major limitation of CULCON and the cultural coordination mechanism.