儿童晕厥：定量计分诊断和危险分层

Syncope in children：quantitative diagnosis and risk stratification

对晕厥患儿临床评估的主要目的是病因诊断和危险分层。晕厥的病因或为良性或具有潜在的生命危险，有效的诊断和危险分层方法对于鉴别晕厥患儿近期及远期预后至关重要，并能减少不必要的住院。近年来，根据临床病史、体格检查和心电图提出的定量计分诊断和危险分层方法（如Calgary晕厥症状评分，旧金山晕厥规则），有助于医务工作者作出正确的临床决策，尤其为判断晕厥患儿是否需要住院治疗提供有价值的指导，但这些方法不能替代医务人员的临床评估及判断。

To management of syncope in children and adolescents, the primary objectives are etiological diag- nosis and risk stratification. The possible causes for syncope ranging from relatively benign conditions to potentially life - threatening events. The efficient methods of diagnosis and risk stratification are vital important to identify those syncope patients who are at short - term or long - term risk of life - threatening events, avoiding unnecessary hospitali- zation of low - risk patients. In recent years, there came up with a multitude of quantitative methods in diagnosis and risk stratification,according to clinical history and physical exam and 12 -lead electrocardiograph. These methods can assit front - line physicians do an optimal decision - making, especially providing valuable guidance to make a well - in- formed choice between hospitalization and outpatient referral. Nevertheless, these existing methods can not replace criti- cal assessment by an experienced physician.