西方制药之术与药物认知之途

Western Pharmaceutical Technologies and Cognitive Approaches

通过描述从巫术到药物学、从化学分析与合成到基因重组,这一既是制药技术的发展过程,也是人类药物认知途径的发展过程,认为药物的本体论经历了从巫术到宏观实物到微观分子的转变,认识途径经历了想象、自然采取与加工、科学实验与人工重组的演化,使制药从古代的神话想象,发展为肉眼可见的日常生活实践,再变为必须借助科学仪器才可观察的细胞、分子、基因层面的相对陌生的科学实践。由此,药物及其知识生产的场域、途径、机制都发生了革命性的变化。

By reviewing the transition from witchcraft to materia medica, from chemical analysis or synthesis to gene engineering, which is not only the development of the pharmaceutical technologies, but also the transition of pharmaceutical cognitive approaches, this paper argued that the pharmaceuticals went through the process of witchcraft, macroscopic materials and microscopic things in ontology as well as the process of imagination, natural collection and proeess~ scientific experiment and artificial recombinant in cognitive approaches. The pharmaceutical technology underwent the transition from imagination, visible daily practices to scientific activites which were taken, with the scientific instruments observing life at the level of cellular, molecular, gene and so on. Therefore, the spaces, ways and mechanism of the production of pharmaceutical and its related knowledge have revolutionarily changed.