心土层对水稻生长及产量影响的研究

Effects of soil type and subsoil on growth characteristics and yield of rice

为明确不同类型水田土壤心土层与水稻生长特性及产量的关系,采用盆栽方法研究了白浆土型水稻土、黑土型水稻土和草甸土型水稻土以及有、无心土层对水稻生长特性和产量的影响。结果显示:叶绿素含量在水稻分蘖期和抽穗期差异显著,成熟期差异不显著,顺序依次为草甸土型>黑土型>白浆土型水稻土,成熟期有心土层均比无心土层处理叶绿素含量高;不同土壤水稻株高有心土层大于无心土层处理,但差异不显著;不同类型土壤水稻干物质积累量成熟期土壤间差异显著,黑土型水稻土为245.66 g/盆、草甸土型为239.13 g/盆、白浆土型为182.77 g/盆,有心土层高于无心土层处理;水稻垂直根长土壤间差异极显著,依次为黑土型>草甸土型>白浆土型水稻土,有心土层均高于无心土层处理;根干重有心土层显著高于无心土层处理;水稻产量土壤间差异显著,黑土型水稻土最高,为143.84 g/盆,之后依次为白浆土型136.56 g/盆,草甸土型131.56 g/盆,有心土层高于无心土层处理;心土层对产量贡献率,黑土型水稻土产量贡献率最高,为24.8%,草甸土型为9.6%,白浆土型为5.9%。

In order to clarify the relationship between the different types of paddy subsoil characteristics and yield, a pot exper-iment was used to study the effects of the subsoil from albic paddy soil, black paddy soil, meadow paddy soil of impact on rice growth characteristics and yield. The results showed that： For the chlorophyll content of rice, there were differences in tille- ring stage and heading stage, but no significant difference in mature stage, the order was meadow soil 〉 black soil 〉 albic soil, and the chlorophyll with subsoil treatment was signicantly higher than no subsoil. The plant height in different types of soil with subsoil treatment was higher than those without subsoil, but the difference was not significant. The dry matter in mature stage of the black soil, the meadow soil, albic soil were 245.66, 239. 13, 182.77 g/pot, respectively, and the subsoil treatment was higher than no subsoil. There were significant difference in different soil types for rice vertical root length, the order was black soil 〉 meadow soil 〉 albic soil, and the subsoil treatment was higher than no subsoil. The root dry weight in subsoil treat- ments was higher than those without subsoil. There were significant differences in rice yield, the yields for black soil, albic soil and meadow soil were 143.84, 136. 56 and 131.56 g/pot, respectively, and the yields in suboil treatments were higher than no subsoil. The black soil subsoil yield contribution rate was the hightest, which was 24. 8% , and in meadow soil and al- bic soil were 9.6% and 5.9%, respectively.