酵母粗蛋白及氨基酸含量对甜果螨及以其饲喂的加州新小绥螨繁育的影响

Impact of Crude Protein and Amino Acid Levels in Yeast on Development and Reproduction of Carpoglyphus lactis and Its Predator Neoseiulus californicus(Acari: Phytoseiidae)

在实验室条件下,研究了7种蛋白含量不同的市售酵母粉饲养甜果螨,以其饲喂加州新小绥螨,再研究对加州新小绥螨繁育的影响。结果表明,用蛋白含量为23.86%、40.29%和45.37%的酵母粉饲养甜果螨,甜果螨种群数量大,分别在第28.0、21.0和23.6 d达到最大值,最大增长倍数分别为117.1、167.5和115.4倍;用蛋白含量为25.90%、32.40%的酵母粉饲养甜果螨,甜果螨种群数量小,最大增长倍数不足10.0倍。用蛋白含量为1.46%、1.72%的酵母粉不能成功饲养甜果螨。甜果螨种群动态参数与酵母粉中15种氨基酸含量呈正相关。甜果螨体内可溶性蛋白含量与之取食的酵母蛋白含量没有显著相关性,取食蛋白含量为23.86%、40.29%和45.37%的酵母粉时甜果螨体内可溶性蛋白含量分别为67.00、60.53、78.25 mg/g。加州新小绥螨以蛋白含量为23.86%和45.37%的酵母粉饲喂的甜果螨作为猎物时,其内禀增长率高,分别为0.15和0.14。但以后者为猎物时,净增殖率(10.61)最高。根据上述结果认为,以蛋白含量为45.37%的酵母粉饲喂,有利于甜果螨的种群增长,也因此极大地促进了加州新小绥螨种群的增长。

The nutrition effects of seven commercial yeast products on Carpoglyphus lactis and further on Neoseiulus californicus, a predator of C. lactis, were investigated under laboratory conditions. The population size of C. lactis increased greatly when the mites were reared on yeast with 23.86%, 40.29% and 45.37% protein contents. Their population reached the peak on the 28 th, 21 st and 24 th day, and increased by 117.1, 167.5, and 115.4 times on the three yeast diets, respectively. Lower population increase（〈10.0 times of initial density） were observed for C. lactis reared on yeast with 25.90% and 32.40% protein contents. Yeast with 1.46% and 1.72% protein contents failed to sustain C. lactis population. C. lactis population parameters were significantly correlated with the concentrations of 15 amino acids. However, the soluble protein concentration in C. lactis was not significantly correlated with protein concentrations in the yeast diets. The soluble protein concentrations in C. lactis reared on yeast products with 23.86%, 40.29% and 45.37% protein concentration were 67.00, 60.53, 78.25 mg/g, respectively. The intrinsic increase rates of N. californicus were high（0.15, 0.14） when the predators preyed on C. lactis that were provided with yeast diets with 23.86% and 45.37% protein contents, with the net reproductive rate higher（10.61） with 45.37% protein contents. Therefore, it is advantageous for population growth in both C. lactis and N. californicus when yeast with 45.37% protein concentration is used.