深圳市社区获得性肺炎危险因素的病例对照研究

Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in Shenzhen City:a case-control study

目的 探索深圳市社区获得性肺炎发病的危险因素。方法 采用病例对照的研究方法,收集2014年1-9月在深圳市罗湖区人民医院和深圳市福田区第二人民医院住院的社区获得性肺炎病例共148例,选取同一时间段在医院下属的4家社区健康服务中心中因呼吸道感染以外的其他疾病就诊或因预防接种就诊者共178例作为对照,采用自行设计的调查问卷对可能的危险因素进行面对面调查,采用非条件logistic回归进行单因素和多因素分析。结果 共收集病例148例,对照178例,经多因素分析,调整年龄、婚姻、文化程度、收入、职业等因素后发现,工作场所通风较差（OR=3.640,95%CI：1.078-12.295）、吸烟（OR=2.276,95%CI：1.104-4.693）可能是社区获得性肺炎的危险因素,而保持轻、中度运动（轻度运动OR=0.093,95%CI：0.047-0.186;中度运动OR=0.387,95%CI：0.177-0.848）可能是社区获得性肺炎的保护因素。结论 工作场所通风较差、吸烟并且较少运动锻炼的人员容易发生社区获得性肺炎,应注意对社区获得性肺炎的预防。

Objective To explore the risk factors of community- acquired pneumonia（ CAP） in Shenzhen City. Methods A case- control study was carried out to explore the risk factors for CAP. We recruited 148 CAP cases hospitalized in the People＇s Hospital of Luohu District and the Second People＇s Hospital of Futian District from January to September 2014. And 178 individuals visiting one of the four community health service centers affiliated to the two hospitals for diseases other than respiratory diseases or for vaccination were simultaneously selected as controls. A face- to- face self- designed questionnaire survey on possible risk factors for community- acquired pneumonia was conducted. Univariate and multivariate non- conditional logistic regression analyses were performed. Results A total of 148 cases and 178 controls were enrolled in this case- control study. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting the factors like age,marital status,educational background,income and occupation,poor ventilation in workplace（ OR = 3. 640,95% CI： 1. 078- 12. 295） and smoking（ OR = 2. 276,95% CI： 1.104- 4. 693） might be the risk factors for CAP,while keeping mild（ OR = 0. 093,95% CI： 0. 047- 0. 186） or moderate physical exercise（ OR = 0. 387,95% CI： 0. 177- 0. 848） might be the protective factor. Conclusions Poor ventilation in workplace,smoking and lack of physical exercise are the risk factors for CAP. People with such risk factors are suggested to take actions to prevent CAP.