2010-2014年上海市宝山区手足口病流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Baoshan District,Shanghai City,2010-2014

目的 分析2010-2014年上海市宝山区手足口病流行特征,探讨疫情变化规律,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法 应用描述流行病学方法对宝山区2010-2014年手足口病疫情和病原学资料进行分析。结果 2010-2014年宝山区共报告手足口病20 112例,发病率在149.93-304.20/10万之间,年平均发病率为218.27/10万。全区12个街道（镇）均有发病,以顾村镇、杨行镇和罗店镇发病率较高,分别为327.01/10万、312.26/10万和270.97/10万。男性发病高于女性（P〈0.001）,人群主要集中在6岁以下儿童,户籍人口发病以幼托儿童为主,外来流调人口以散居儿童居多。发病高峰在4-7月。病原以Cox A16型和EV71型感染为主。5年间共报告重症手足口病病例70例,以EV71感染为主。结论 2010-2014年上海市宝山区手足口病发病处于高强度流行状态,高发人群为6岁以下儿童,发病有明显的季节性;引起手足口病重症（或）死亡病例的主要病原为EV71;开展手足口病流行病学和病原学研究,将有助于提出进一步有针对性的防控措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of hand- foot- mouth disease（ HFMD） in Baoshan District,Shanghai City during 2010- 2014,to explore its epidemic changing patterns so as to provide scientific evidence for formulating its prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data about HFMD incidence and etiology in Baoshan District during 2010- 2014. Results A total of 20,112 HFMD cases were reported in Baoshan District from 2010 to 2014. The incidence rate was between 149. 93 /100,000 and 304. 20 /100,000,with the annual average incidence rate of 218. 27 /100,000. The disease occurred in 12 streets（ towns） of Baoshan District,especially in Gucun Town,Yanghang Town and Luodian Town,with the incidence rates of 327. 01 /100,000,312. 26 /100,000 and 270. 97 /100,000 respectively. The incidence rate was higher in males than in females（ P〈 0. 001）. Most of the patients were children aged ≤ 6 years.The main patients among household population were preschoolers,while the major patients among floating population were scattered- living children. The peak of HFMD incidence was from April to July. The major pathogens were Cox A16 and EV71. 70 severe HFMD cases were reported during the 5 years,most of which were infected with EV71. Conclusions The incidence of HFMD in Baoshan District,Shanghai City from 2010 to 2014 is in the prevalence of high- intensity and shows an obvious seasonal feature. Children under the age of 6 years are the high- risk group. The severe or dead HFMD cases are mainly caused by EV71.Conducting epidemiological and etiological research on HFMD is conducive to putting forward further target- oriented prevention and control measures.