7种温室设施常用杀虫剂对地熊蜂的毒力测定

Toxicity Determination of Seven Insecticides on Bombus terrestris in Greenhouse

以地熊蜂工蜂为试材,参照《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》,测定7种温室设施常用杀虫剂对地熊蜂的毒力,并对其进行风险性评价。结果表明,烯啶虫胺和吡虫啉对地熊蜂的LD(50)值分别为0.030mg/L和0.223 mg/L,均为高毒;苦参碱和吡蚜酮对地熊蜂的LD_(50)分别为7.721 mg/L和8.376 mg/L,均为中毒;啶虫脒、螺虫乙酯和氟苯虫酰胺对地熊蜂的LD_(50)≥31.371 mg/L,均表现为低毒,其中氟苯虫酰胺的毒性最低。因此,在设施作物上使用地熊蜂授粉时,建议禁用烯啶虫胺和吡虫啉,且在施用苦参碱和吡蚜酮或啶虫脒、螺虫乙酯和氟苯虫酰胺时,可将地熊蜂分别搬出温室3天或1天,来减少农药对地熊蜂的危害。

With worker bees of Bombus terrestris as materials,the toxicities of 7 insecticides commonly used in greenhouse on Bombus terrestris were determined refering to TEST GUIDELINES ON ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT FOR CHEMICAL PESTICIDES,and the risk assessments were conducted. The results showed that the LD_（50） of nitenpyram and imidacloprid to Bombus terrestris was 0. 030 mg / L and 0. 223 mg / L respectively,which both were highly toxic. The LD50 of matrine and pymetrozine was 7. 721 mg / L and8. 376 mg / L respectively,which both were moderately toxic. Bombus terrestris was not sensitive to acetamiprid,spirotetramat and flubendiamide with LD50≥ 31. 371 mg /L,so they all showed low toxic. Flubendiamide was the lowest toxic. Therefore,when using Bombus terrestris to pollinate,it was suggested that nitenpyram and imidacloprid were disabled; if matrine and pymetrozine or acetamiprid,spirotetramat and flubendiamide were used,Bombus terrestris should be moved out of the greenhouse for 3 days or 1 day to reduce the harm of insecticides.