吴康斋“养良心”论

On Wu Kangzhai's View of“ Cultivation of Conscience”

作为明代理学的开山学者吴康斋素来以道德践履而享誉明清儒林。吴康斋的心学思想源于孟子、二程的心学,但是其人生的道德践履中展现其个人的特色。纵观吴康斋一生的践履,可以划分为"养良心"、"养灵台"和"养性灵"三个时期,体现出他对内心湛然虚明、知觉涵养的不同程度。康斋早期"反求良心"向内用力的修养方法为中晚期以"养性灵"为核心的道德修养论提供了重要的实践依据和逻辑前提。

A founding scholar of Neo-Confucianism studies in the Ming Dynasty, Wu Kangzhai was always well-known among scholars in the Ming and Qing Dynasties as a moral practitioner. Although Wu＇ s philosophy of mind owed its origin to Mencius and the Cheng Brothers, he presented his personal distinctions in his life of moral practice. Wu＇ s life of moral practice can be divided into three phases： the phase of ＂cultivating conscience＂, that of ＂cultivating soul＂ and that of ＂cultivating character＂, which represented the different degrees of his realization and knowledge of the mind. Wu＇s practice of ＂reversely seeking the conscience＂ and paying attention to internal accomplishment provided a practical basis and logical prerequisite for the doctrine of moral cultivation in later days.