能源、资本与产出三重扭曲对中国制造业全要素生产率的影响

Effects of the Triple Distortion of Energy,Capital and Production on the Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Manufactory Industry

资源错配所造成的全要素生产率损失不容忽视,中国的资源错配对全要素生产率的损失已经引起了政府和学者的广泛关注。通过构建资源错配理论模型,以中国制造业为实证对象,从产出扭曲、要素扭曲、要素和产出扭曲相互作用三个角度检验资源错配对全要素生产率的影响,可以发现:总扭曲通过资源错配对制造业总量TFP造成的损失巨大并逐年递增,制造业分行业中总扭曲通过资源错配对TFP的损失差异显著;能源扭曲通过资源错配对TFP的影响不容忽视,并和产出扭曲一起对TFP造成了巨大的损失,能源强度政策是造成能源错配的重要因素;产出和要素扭曲的相互作用通过资源错配对TFP的影响形成一个新的资源错配的传导机制,通过产出和要素扭曲的同时增加或降低放大了资源错配对TFP的影响。若能同时降低要素和产出扭曲,则可实现更高的TFP。要提高中国制造业TFP可以采取的措施是,对制造业分行业的资源错配治理要将重点治理和差异治理相结合,对产出和要素扭曲导致的资源错配要同时治理,制定能源强度政策时要考虑TFP的损失。

The loss of total factor productivity caused by mispairing of resources is not negligible, which in China has been extensively concerned by government and scholars. A test of the effects of mispairing of resources on total factor productivity in terms of production distortion, factor distortion and interaction of the former two finds the loss of TFP, the total of manufactory production, caused by general distortion by way of mi- spairing of resources is enormous and annually increasing, especially the branches of manufacturing industry, whose losses differ prominently. Neither the loss of TFP caused by energy distortion by way of mispairing of resources In energy industry is negligible and causes great losses together with production distortion, for which the strength policy of resources is one of primary elements. The effects of interaction between production distortion and element distortion on TFP by way of mispairing of resources shapes a transmitting mechanism of next mispairing of resources, which increases or reduces effects of impairing of resources on TFP through production and element distortions. To raise the TFP of Chinese manufacturing industry, a combination of emphatic harnessing and diverse harnessing should be introduced to improve impairing of resources in different branches of the industry. Meanwhile the impairing of resources caused by production and element distortions should be harnessed and the losses of the TFP should be taken into account when working out strength policies.