心理干预的优先获益者——来自发展可塑性的研究证据

The predisposed beneficiaries of psychological interventions:Evidence from research on developmental plasticity

近些年,发展可塑性领域出现两个新模型——差别易感性模型和优势敏感性模型,两个模型均表明个体从积极环境中的获益具有差异性。而心理干预作为一种特殊的积极环境被引入到该领域的研究中。已有的研究已经发现一些证据表明,具备某些特征的当事人从心理干预中获益更多。这些特征包括人格和气质类、遗传类和生理类。本质上,这些研究在处理"什么对谁最有效"的问题,但现有研究仅能部分回答这个问题。因此,心理干预的效果差异有多少可归于这些易感特征,是有待继续回答的问题。

In recent years, two models of developmental plasticity--differential susceptibility and vantage sensitivity--have been proposed, both of which indicate individual variation in response to positive environment. Psychological interventions have been included in this domain as one type of special positive environment. Research based on these models has demonstrated that clients with certain characteristics benefit more from psychological interventions, thus leading to better outcomes. Such inherent characteristics mainly include personalistic and temperamental, genetic, and physiological characteristics. Essentially, research in this area has been trying to address the issue of what works for whom, but existing research could only partially answer this question. Hence, at what level does the above characteristics account for variance of psychological intervention outcomes remained to be explored.