中国城市低保政策的瞄准有效性和反贫困效果

Targeting and Anti-Poverty Effectiveness of the Urban Dibao in China

根据中国居民收入分配课题组(CHIP)2002年和2007年的城市住户调查数据,本文分析了中国城市最低生活保障政策的瞄准有效性及其反贫困效果。研究发现,从2002年至2007年,各个城市的最低生活保障水平不断提高,但是政策的瞄准有效性却降低了,表现为更高的人群瞄准误差和救助水平缺口。城市最低生活保障标准和应得低保金都与低保的参与和实际获益正相关。低保对于缓解城市贫困发挥着越来越重要的作用,但这一作用受限于政策的瞄准误差和较低的保障水平。将有限的低保资金用于最需要的人群,同时保障这些人群的应得救助,逐步提高保障水平,将会使低保政策的反贫困效果更加突出。

Using urban household survey data from the China Household Income Project(CHIP)in2002 and 2007,this paper provides a thorough examination of the targeting performance and antipoverty effectiveness of Dibao policy in urban China.Results show that urban Dibao's mis-targeting rate increased and benefit gap widened during this period,though its assistance standard improved.Both the city Dibao line and entitled benefit amount played positive effects on Dibao participation and monthly receipt amount.Dibao had significant poverty reduction effects in both years,and the effect was larger in 2007 than in 2002.However,the anti-poverty effects were restricted by targeting errors and low assistance standards.Future policy reforms should focus on the improvement of Dibao's anti-poverty effectiveness by better targeting,narrowing the benefit gap,and improving the assistance standards.