乡城流动人口的收入分层与人力资本回报

The Income Stratification and Return on Human Capital of the Rural-Urban Floating Population

本文利用2014年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查数据,采取分位数回归分析方法分析了不同收入阶层乡城流动人口群体的人力资本回报及其差异。研究发现,乡城流动人口已出现了比较明显的收入分层,其中10%最高收入阶层的平均收入是10%最低收入阶层平均收入的8.34倍;乡城流动人口的平均教育回报率为2.39%,中低收入及以下阶层的教育回报率差异不显著,中高收入及以上阶层的教育回报率差异显著;提高受教育年限对乡城流动人口中高收入及以上阶层的影响比较大,且最大受益者为高收入阶层;乡城流动人口的平均工作经验回报率为-0.31%,工作经验回报率在中高收入阶层以下均表现为负值,只有到了高收入阶层才呈现出并不显著的微弱正效应。

Return on human capital and its difference among the different income groups of rural- urban floating population are analyzed by dynamic monitoring data of health and family planning of the national floating population in 2014 and quantile regression analysis method. The findings show that the obvious income stratification has emerged among rural- urban floating population and the average income of the top 10% of earners is 8. 34 times the average income of 10% of the lowest income groups; the average education return rate of rural- urban floating population is 2. 39%,and the difference of education return rate among the middle- and- high income groups and above is significant but not among the middle- and- low income groups and below; To improve education years is a relatively large influence on the middle- and- high income groups and above,and the biggest beneficiaries is the high- income group; the return rate of working experience is negative below the middle and high income groups and the average is- 0. 31%,and the weak positive effect but not significant appears only in the high income group.