人口空心化、居民参与意愿与农村公共品供给——来自山东省758位农村居民的调查

Rural Population Hollow,Residents Participation and the Supply of Public Goods: Survey from 758 Rural Residents in Shandong Province

现有研究大多表明,人口空心化带来居民向心力、凝聚力衰退以及乡村社会资本瓦解等问题,使农村公共品自主供给陷入困境。然而,以留守务农居民为参照系的统计分析显示,外出务工未明显降低居民对农村公共品的参与意愿,但改变居民对不同农村公共品的偏好。二元Logistic回归结果表明,由于外出务工居民无法完全脱离农村生活和农业生产,外出务工不会明显降低居民对农村公共品的参与意愿。外出务工弱化居民对农业生产的依赖程度,降低其对与农业生产相关公共品的参与意愿,但外出务工也带来家庭收入增加,带动其对与农村生活相关公共品的参与意愿。政府在积极推进户籍制度与土地制度改革的同时,应充分调动外出务工居民对农村生活密切相关公共品的参与意愿,对与农业生产密切相关公共品应加大财政投入力度。

In the existing researches,it shows that the rural population hollow bringsthe recession of centripetal force and cohesion,and the collapse of rural social capital,which influence the supply of rural public goods. However,with the reference of farming residents,migrant workers' participation willingness did not significantly reduced,but the residents' preferences change. With Logistic regression analysis,it also shows that: the migrant- working residents cannot be divorced from the rural life and agricultural production; their participation willingness will not be significantly reduced. In addition,the higherincome level may promote the development of its participation willingness,especially for the public goods,which is closely related to the rural life. However,for the public goods related to the agricultural production,their participation willingness will be weakened. Therefore,with the reform of the household registration system and the land system,the government should mobilize migrant residents' willingness to participate in the provision of public goods,which are closely related to the rural life,and increase financial investment to the provision of public goods,which are closely related to the agricultural production.