2014年北京市西城区300名孕妇营养状况调查

Investigation of nutritional status of 300 pregnant women in Xicheng District of Beijing in 2014

目的：了解妊娠妇女膳食结构和营养素的摄入水平是否合理，以便有针对性的指导孕期保健，改善孕妇的营养状况。方法选择2014年1月至6月来北京市西城区妇幼保健院就诊的300名孕妇作为调查对象，采用膳食调查表分析营养状况。结果不同孕期能量和钙、碘均可满足孕妇需求。孕早期、中期、晚期Va、Vc、Ve及铁、锌的摄入均要高于RNI，均有统计学差异（t值3．94～24．55，均P＜0．05）。 Vb1、Vb2孕早期的摄入较适宜，中期、晚期摄入高于RNI，均有统计学差异（t值4．24～10．14，均P＜0．05）。而叶酸的摄入量不能满足孕妇的需求，不同时期摄入量均低于RNI，差异有统计学意义（ t 值分别为－553．86、－1309．73、－537．27，均P＜0．05）。禽肉、水产品、豆类、水果类不吃的孕妇比例分别为4．30％、10．30％、21．00％、1．33％，蔬菜类小于等于每天1次的孕妇比例为20．33％。结论部分孕妇的饮食结构不合理，孕期孕妇补充多种维生素需要在进行个体化营养状况分析后进行，应加强有关孕期营养的健康教育，注意饮食均衡。

Objective To understand whether the dietary pattern and absorbing level of nourishment of pregnant women was reasonable and to provide corresponding guidance for antenatal care to improve nutritional status of pregnant women. Methods From January to June in 2014 300 pregnant women visiting Xicheng Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected and nutritional conditions were analyzed through dietary survey. Results Energy, calcium and iodine met the needs of pregnant women in different pregnancy periods. The intake of Va, Vc, Ve, Fe and Zn exceeded recommended nutrient intakes （RNI） at the first, second and third trimesters with statistical differences （ t value ranged 3.94 - 24.55, all P 〈 0.05 ）. The intake of Vbl and Vb2 in early pregnancy was appropriate but exceeded at middle and advanced stage （t value ranged 4.24 - 10.14, all P 〈 0.05 ）. But the intake of folate was lower than RNI at every stages with statistical significance （t value was -553.86, - 1309.73 and -537.27, respectively, all P 〈0.05）. The percent of pregnant women not eating poultry meat, seafood, legumes and fruit was 4.30%, 10.30%, 21.00% and 1.33%, respectively, and there were 20.33% pregnant women taking vegetables once a day or less. Conclusion Dietary pattern of some pregnant women is not proper, and vitamin supplements should be taken after analysis of individual nutritional status. Health education of pregnancy should be strengthened and balanced dietary needs to be followed.