2008至2014年绍兴市高温中暑流行病学特征

Epidemiological features of heatstroke in Shaoxing, China in 2008-2014

目的描述绍兴市2008至2014年高温中暑流行病学特征，为制定高温中暑的预防和控制措施提供参考依据。方法收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2008至2014年绍兴市高温中暑报告，对数据进行整理分析。结果绍兴市2008至2014年共报告高温中暑1676例，其中轻症中暑占88．6％（1485／1676），重症中暑占11．4％（191／1676）；死亡9例，均为重症中暑，病死率为0．5％（9／1676），其中4例（44．4％，4／9）为居家老人，4例（44．4％，4／9）为农民（户外作业），1例（11．2％，1／9）为无业者。男性高温中暑占66．3％（1111／1676），重症中暑占13．1％（146／1111）；女性高温中暑占33．7％（565／1676），重症中暑占8．0％（45/565）；性别差异有统计学意义（x2=9．94，P=0．002）。高温中暑病例平均年龄为（48．7±18．8）岁，其中男性（49．8±17．9）岁，女性（46．6±20．3）岁，不同性别高温中暑的年龄差异有统计学意义（t=3．19，P〈0．001）。高温中暑年龄以40-、50-岁组为主，各占19．2％（321／1676）；男性50。岁年龄组高温中暑占比最多（21．5％，239／1111），女性20～岁年龄组高温中暑占比最多（18．9％，107/565）。按年龄组分层分析，40-、50-、60-、70-、80-岁年龄组的不同性别高温中暑程度的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。绍兴市高温中暑病例集中发生在6～9月，占98．9％（1657／1676）；其中7-8月占87．1％（1460／1676）。结论绍兴市高温中暑好发于夏季，以轻症中暑为主，中老年男性、农民（户外作业）为高温中暑易发人群，应加强高温中暑预警和重症中暑病例的急救。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features of heatstroke in Shaoxing, China in 2008-2014, and to provide a reference for developing prevention and control measures for heatstroke. Methods The reports on heatstroke in Shaoxing in 2008-2014 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and the data were summarized and analyzed. Results A total of 1 676 heatstroke cases were reported in Shaoxing in 2008-2014, among which 1 485 cases （88.6%） were mild heatstroke and 191 cases（11.4%） were severe heatstroke. Nine persons died of severe heatstroke, and the fatality rate was 0.5%（9/1 676）. Among these persons, 4（44.4%, 4/9） were the elderly living at home, 4 （44.4%, 4/9） were farmers （working outdoors）, and 1（11.2%, 1/9） was unemployed. The male patients with heatstroke accounted for 66.3%（1 111/1 676）, and those with severe heatstroke：accounted for 13.1%（146/1 111）; the female patients with heatstroke accounted for 33.7%（565/1 676）, and those with severe heatstroke accounted for 8.0%（45/565）; there were significant differences between male and female patients（x2=9.94, P=0.002）. The mean age of patients with heatstroke was 48.7±18.8 years; the mean age of male patients was 49.8±17.9 years, and that of female patients was 46.6±20.3 years, with a significant difference between the male and female patients （t=3.19, P〈0.001）. Most of the patients experiencing heatstroke were in their forties or fifties, each accounting for 19.2%（321/1 676）; in male patients who experienced heatstroke, those in their fifties accounted for the highest percentage（21.5%, 239/ 1 111）, and in female patients who experienced heatstroke, those in their twenties accounted for the highest percentage （18.9%, 107/565）. Based on stratification by age, the severity of heatstroke differed significantly between male and female patients in their forties, fifties, sixties, seventies, and eighties （P〈0.05）. Most of the cases of heatstroke occurred in June to September, accounting for 98.9%（1 657/1 676）, particularly in July and August, accounting for 87.1%（1 460/1 676）. Conclusion In Shaoxing, heatstroke usually occurs in summer, and most cases are mild. Middle-aged and elderly men and farmers （working outdoors） are susceptible to heatstroke, and warnings on heatstroke and emergency treatment of severe heatstroke should be enhanced.