重型货运车辆碳排放特性研究

Study on the carbon emission characteristics of the heavy duty freight trucks

以重型货运车辆为研究对象,研究车辆碳排放与车速、装载率、货运周转量等的关系。选取20辆重型货运车,通过油耗测试装置与GPS装置等采集了货运车辆连续6个月的油耗、行驶里程、平均速度、货运周转量等数据,根据碳平衡原理计算出车辆的CO2e排放因子,得出了车速与装载率分布规律。结果表明,重型货运车辆行驶速度主要分布在50~70 km/h范围内,其行驶时间占比达67.2%;0.4~0.8之间的装载率占比达到75.25%;单车月度货运周转量主要分布范围在10×104~40×104t·km;CO2e排放因子主要分布在1 000~1200 g/km,其平均值为1 120 g/km,而平均吨千米CO2e排放因子为52g/（t·km）。本研究得出了装载率与吨千米CO2e排放因子的拟合关系式,发现车速提高时CO2e排放因子降低,装载率自0.2提高到1.0时吨千米CO2e排放因子降低70%以上,货运周转量提高时吨千米CO2e排放减少。

This paper is inclined to study the relation between the e- mission factor CO2e of the heavy duty freight trucks and their driving speed, as well as the relation between the emission factor C02e of such trucks and their loading rate, in addition to the rotation volume of goods transport. For our research purpose, we have been keeping close monitoring of a total number of 20 heavy duty long-distance freight trucks for such items of their transportation duties, as the fuel consumption, the running mileage, driving speed, carrying loads and the rotation volume of goods transport for six months continuously by using the fuel consumption testing instrument, GPS device, and so on. In proceeding with our research, we have worked out the emis- sion factor CO2e v/a the fuel consumption acem＇ding to the carbon bal- ance principle. And, finally, through testing the distribution of driv- ing speed and loading rate we have discovered that the speed mainly stands between 50 - 70 km/h, which takes up 67.2% of the entire operating time, whereas the loading rate accounts for from 0.4 to 0,8, which takes up about 75.25%. As to the rotation volume of goods transport of such trucks, it stands between 10 ×104 -40 × 104t· km. In regarding to the emission factor CO2e, it keeps in a range from 1 000 g/kin to 1 200 g/km, an average of 1 120 g/km, with an average ton kilometer emission factor C02e being 52 g/（t· kin）. Thus, a fitting formula can be concluded between the emission factor C02~ and the loading rate. The results indicate that the emission fac- tor CO2e would decrease with the increase of driving speed, the emis- sion factor CO2 tends to decrease at least 70% with the increase of loading rate from 0.2 to 1.0, and the emission factor CO2e tends to decrease with the increase of the rotation volume of goods transport.