某石油污染滩涂沉积物中总石油烃和多环芳烃组成分布特征及源解析

Analysis for the composition, distribution and sedimental apportionment of a certain oil-polluted tidal marsh source area in terms of TPH and PAH

对石油污染滩涂区域不同高程表层沉积物和部分垂直剖面沉积物进行采样分析,分别采用紫外分光光度法和气相色谱质谱联用法测定了沉积物中的TPH（总石油烃）和16种优控PAHs（多环芳烃）,分析其组成分布特征,并进行了源解析。结果表明：中低潮滩表层沉积物中TPH质量比在15.20~63.27 mg/kg,与对照点质量比水平相当,远低于《海洋沉积物质量标准》（1 000 mg/kg）,PAHs均未检出;高潮滩表层沉积物中TPH质量比在1 070.00~46 327.20 mg/kg,显著高于对照点和相应中低潮滩沉积物中污染物质量比,部分点位严重超出《海洋沉积物质量标准》,PAHs质量比在0.60~30.90 mg/kg,多数点位属于重度污染;3号点和7号点高潮滩垂直剖面样品中TPH和PAHs质量比呈现随深度增加而降低的趋势,9号点则相反;高潮滩沉积物中TPH和PAHs质量比之间呈显著正相关关系（Pearson相关系数r为0.985,p〈0.01）,具有同源性;各点位TPH均以C17~C36质量分数最高,其占比为80.15%~94.40%,PAHs组成均以2~3环为主,占比为58.14%~87.70%,低环PAHs以萘、芴和菲为主要污染物。TPH和PAHs组分特征表明,研究区域的滩涂沉积物受到了重油污染影响。

The paper is engaged in an analysis for the composition, distribution and sedimental apportionment of a certain oil polluted tidal marsh area in terms of petro-hydrocarbons and polyeyelic aro- matic hydrocarbons. In it, we have managed to collect enough sur- face-sediment samples and vertical profile samples from the aforemen- tioned area at different elevations with the total petroleum hydrocar- bons （TPH） and 16 optimally controlled polycyclie aromatic hydro- carbons （PAHs） by using the ultraviolet spectrophotometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry in hoping to detect their distribu- tion features and source apportionment. The results of our study have shown that the TPH concentrations in the collected suffaee sediment samples from the low and middle tidal marsh area prove to range from 15.20 mg/kg to 63.27 mg/kg, almost the same as those from the control sites, and perhaps even lower than those from the Standard- ized Marine Sediment Quality （1 000 mg/kg） with no PAHs being de- tected. In addition, we have also found that the TPH concentrations tend to range from 1 070.00- 46 327.20 mg/kg in the surface sedi- ment at the higher-tidal marsh area, remarkably higher than those of the control site and low and/or middle ones. Some of the samples turn out much higher than those of the standardized quality, with the concentration of PAHs being from 0.60 mg/kg to 30.90 mg/kg. Fur- thermore, most of the sampling sites has been heavily polluted. Be- sides, seen from the vertical profile, the concentrations of TPH and PAHs have been found declining with the increase of the depth of the sites, though an opposite trend has been found with those in the sites of No. 3, No. 7, and No. 9. However, the concentrations of TPH have been found significantly positive in the relation with those of PAHs in the sediments at higher tidal marsh area （the Pearson corre- lation coefficient r is 0. 985, p 〈 0.01, thus indicating their homolo- gy）, whose composition of TPH are C17- C36 in all the sampling sites account for 80.15%-94.40% of the total pollution. Thus, in com- parison with the concentrations of TPH, the main compositions of PAHs （2 - 3 rings） have been found accounting for 58.14%- 87.70% of the total pollutants, including naphthalene, fluorene and phenanthrene. Therefore, the characteristic features of TPH and PAHs prove to be affected by the heavy oil pollution.