空间形态下叙事展览的构建

Construction of Spatial Narrative Exhibition

实体空间形态是展览区别于其他叙事媒介的重要特征。当电影和小说通过限制观众观看模式来达成一种强制状态下的连续叙事,博物馆观众却在展览的叙事空间中享受着相对"民主"的自由。驱动观众在展览中行动的往往是个人兴趣而不是策展人和设计师在展厅空间设定的"情节"。这种参观模式极易打破并肢解参观叙事展览的完形过程。叙事展览的构建过程是对时间轴的塑造,同时也是将时间轴空间形态化的过程。本文从结构主义叙事理论的视角出发,探讨了展览空间状态下观众的认知特点,并以此出发构建叙事展览,让博物馆展览用空间为观众讲述故事。

Museum exhibition is a spatial narrative medium. The curatorial process of narrative exhibition making can be seen as editing of discourse time. Meanwhile, the discourse time in exhibition is spatial timeline. The cognition pattern of museum visitor is different from classic narrative forms like fi ction or fi lm. When authors and directors tell their story by giving restriction of viewing mode to narratee, museum visitors enjoy the freedom of exhibition visiting. Instead of plotting or visiting routine set by curators and exhibition designers, most of the time, what really drive visitors' movement in exhibition hall is their curiosity. Freedom or logic? It's a dilemma for curators as well as visitors. From the perspective of structuralism narratology, this paper explored principle and method of constructing narrative exhibition based on the feature of visitors' cognition. The effi ciency of museum communication could be enhanced by telling a spatial story in exhibition.