“从物到人”:一种博物馆观念的反思

From Object-oriented to People-oriented: A Reflection on the Museum Idea

当代博物馆学界存在一个共识性的命题,即强调公众在博物馆理论与实务中的优先性,以消解长久以来物件的主导地位。在国内,该观念衍生出诸如"从物到人""以人为本""观众导向"等一系列有关博物馆价值重置的话语表述。曾经处于相对失语状态的公众成为国内学界竞相关注与书写的热点,集中体现在公共服务、策展理念、学习体验、居民参与等研究议题上。本文认为,"从物到人"的观念远非将关注的重点由博物馆物件转向博物馆公众那么简单,更重要的是还应包括隐藏在物件背后的个人与群体,甚至还包括博物馆专业人员。从博物馆哲学层面来看,"从物到人"的观念旨在从以证据(物件)为导向、强调实证与秩序的博物馆迷思中走出来,迈入以合作(人)为主导、强调人文与关系的博物馆新视界。

There is a consensus among the contemporary museum academic circles, which emphasizes the priority of public in both museum theory and practice aspects in order to work through the dominant position of object for long. Thus, this idea derives a series of discourse expressions about the museum transform, such as "from object-oriented to people-oriented", "people-oriented", "visitor-centered". For a while, visitor or public is becoming a hot spot of academic interest and writing, which is embodied in the research issues, such as public service, display idea, learning experience, community participation. This paper argues that the concept "from object-oriented to people-oriented" is far from the focus from the museum objects to the public in museums, what's more important is the individuals and groups behind the museum objects, even the museum professionals are no exception. That is to say, the idea of "from object-oriented to people-oriented" should be understood as a transformation: from the museum myth which emphasizes evidence(objects), empirical study and order, to a new museum horizon which focuses cooperation(people), relationship and humanity.