清同治时期历代帝王庙名臣增祀事考

The Modification of Notable Government Officials in the Temple of Ancient Monarchs in Tongzhi Reign

北京历代帝王庙是明清帝王祭祀历代圣帝及功臣名将的祭祀场所,而对于历代帝王、名臣的祭祀亦为两朝重要的常规祭礼之一。历代帝王庙中从祀名臣的数量随着时代的变化而不断调整与厘定,至清雍正朝已基本定型,形成了东庑40人,西庑39人的从祀模式。本文将从历代帝王庙从祀制度的变化过程入手,结合同治朝对庙内从祀名臣的调整,对历代帝王庙从祀名臣体系做一简单的梳理。

The Temple of Ancient Monarchs in Beijing was the place where, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, traditional ceremonies were performed by the reigning emperor to honour previous dynastic emperors and notable government officials. Such ceremonies were part of the key regular rituals of the Qing and Ming. The number of tablets in this temple for notable government officials kept changing. By the Yongzheng reign, it was decided that forty tablets shall be placed in the east side room and thirty-nine in the west, which since had been regarded as a standard system, with a modification in the Tongzhi reign. The author investigates this system and introduces its changing progress.