“返魅”的后现代生态学与苗族神圣自然生命伦理

“Return to Ghosts and Spirits”: Post-modern Ecology and the Miao's Life Ethics of Holy Nature

科学理性的极度扩张使现代的世界成为马克斯·韦伯所说的已经被祛魅的世界。在祛魅世界里的大自然已无神圣可言,大自然成为满足人无穷欲望的资源而被任其奴役掠夺,人对大自然破坏毁灭也必将受大自然的报复而自毁。后现代生态学反思这种科学理性祛魅的弊端,认为理性已经破灭,世界应该返魅。人只是大自然生命中渺小的一员,人对养育自己生命的大自然应该进行神圣的感恩敬畏,人在与自然生命成为一体的有魅生态文明家园中才能生活幸福。苗人传统的生活世界不是祛魅的生命世界,而是有魅的神圣自然生命世界。苗人世世代代生活在自然万物皆为平等生命共生共融的世界里,所有的生命都是神圣的。苗族有魅的神圣自然生命伦理使苗人能与自然万物多元和谐共生共融,苗人生活的田园才成为诗意栖居的家园。本文用后现代生态学视角对苗族的神圣自然生命伦理进行诠释。

The excessive expansion of scientific rationalization leads to the de - ghost world mentioned by Max Weber. In a de - ghost world nature is no longer regarded as holy; instead it is relentlessly enslaved and exploited, and hence man may be revenged. The Post - modern Ecology reflects on the disadvantages of de - ghost scientific notion, and argues that rationalization has been ruined and the world should return to ghosts and spirits. In another word, man should respect and even be fearful of nature in order to be happy. The Miao people believe that the world is one with ghosts and spirits and hence man must live in harmony with them.