领导-成员交换对工作-家庭平衡的影响机制研究:工作弹性能力的中介作用及工作弹性意愿的调节作用

The Effect of Leader-Member Exchange on Work-Family Balance: The Mediating Role of Work Flexibility-ability and Moderating Role of Work Flexibility-willingness

企业界对于工作弹性从最开始的一面倒的支持声音到后来的不断质疑引起了学术界的重视。为了探究工作弹性对工作家庭平衡(WFB)的作用机制,本研究引入了领导-成员交换概念,探究工作弹性在领导-成员交换与工作家庭平衡中所起到的作用过程。本研究对十三家企业的20名员工进行个体访谈,再对280名(预测)及862名(正式测验)员工进行问卷调研。首先从自然界生态平衡的角度出发,采用因素分析方法挖掘出WFB的五个结构:抵御、转化、反馈、补偿和调节,同时开发并修订其本土化量表;然后采用层次回归分析发现领导-成员交换(LMX)对工作弹性有正向显著作用;最后通过结构方程检验出工作弹性能力中工作自主性和分享型工作氛围中介LMX与WFB的关系,工作弹性意愿正向调节工作自主性与WFB的关系。以上结论为今后开展对工作-家庭平衡的研究提供了理论基础。

The fact that once widely supported flexible work arrangement is increasingly questioned has attracted the attention of academia. In order to explore the functional mechanism of work flexibility to work-family balance （ WFB ）, this research introduces leadermember exchange （LMX） to explore the intermediary variable and regulating variable of work flexibility on the relationship between LMX and WFB. For this purpose, 20 employees from 13 enterprises are individually interviewed and a questionnaire survey is made to 280 employees （for prediction） and 862 employees （for formal test） respectively. Based on the ecological balance of nature theory, this research sorts out five structures： defense, conversion, feedback, compensation and adjustment and meanwhile develops a localization inventory; then it uses hierarchical regression modeling to find that LMX has a significant positive effect on work flexibility; finally, it applies structural equation modeling to verify that job autonomy and a sharing atmosphere in work flexibility form a partial mediator between LMX and WFB and that work flexibility-willingness has positive moderating effects on the relationship of job autonomy and WFB. The conclusions above provide a theoretic foundation for the work-family balance in the future.